Internal-combustion engine, cooling of cylinder head



Patented Aug. 9, 1949 VUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

lNTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE, COOLING F CYLINDER HEAD John E. Rovensky, Greenwich, Conn.

Application December 2, 1946, Serial No. 713,595

which the rate of heat transfer is satisfactorily obtained entirely yaround the combustion charnber.

A further object of the invention is to improve the power development and efliciency of Diesel engines.

These and other objects 'of the invention will g be apparent to persons skilled in the art from a study of the following description and accompanying drawing.

The single figure of the drawing is a vertical sectional view of an engine incorporating the invention.

Referring now to the drawing, the cylinder C of a compression-ignition engine is formed with spaced outer and inner walls I9 and II joined by transverse walls I2 and I3 forming a water space or jacket I4. A suitable water circulating system is connected to the cylinder water space by a pipe I5 fixed to the outer cylinder wall I0 and communicating with inlet port I6.

A head H is suitably attached to an end of the cylinder and is formed as ahollow structure which extends across cylinderv end wall I2 and projects into -cylinder wall II. The under wall of the head has a cylindrical section I1, spaced from wall II of the cylinder, terminating in a transverse inner wall section I8 and outer wall section I9 that overlies wall I2 of the cylinder. The upper wall of the head has an axially extending tapering section 28 forming a recess 2I that is connected by a section 39 with wall section I8' and by a top wall 38 with wall I9. Wall section 39 forms a precombustion chamber 22 that opens to the cylinder through port 23 in wall section I8 and to recess 2| through opening 24.

The space between the under and upper walls of the head forms a water jacket having a lower chamber 25 and an upper chamber 26. The upper chamber and the space there below down to the lower chamber is separated into two sections 21 and 28 by two longitudinally extending diametric baflies 29 and the space in each section between walls 20 and I1 may contain longitudinally extending baflles or walls 30. Setn 2.1

-in wall I3.

4 Claims. (Cl. 123-1'13) of chamber 28 is connected with the cylinder water jacket by port 3l in wall I9 and port-32 nected with a water outlet manifold 33 suitably secured on top wall 38. Water from the cylinder jacket will iiow through section 21 into chamber 25 and from there through section 28 to the outlet manifold 33. Thus a part of the cooling water will circulate in a path around the precombustion chamber and the wall I8 of the head to reduce the temperature of the areas thereof subjected to the greatest heat while operating the The rest of the water moved into the cylinder jacket will flow directlyinto section 28 of chamber 25 through ports 34 and 35 in walls I2 and I9 and from there to the outlet manifold 33. The two cooling jackets will adequatelyy transfer heat from the head structure, the piston structure P and the cylinder walls.

Piston P is preferably a unitary structure consisting of a transverse wall 48, a depending skirt 4I and an upstanding sleeve 42 which extends into the space between the head and the inner cylinder wall. The sleeve bears against the cylinder wall in spaced relation from the head and rings 43 seated in grooves 44 in the head inner end portion bear against the sleeve. The upper. end of the sleeve has an air inlet port 45 therethrough adapted to register with port 46 in the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom portion of its stroke.

ister with exhaust gas outlet port 41 in the cylinder when the piston is at the bottom portion The cylinder air inlet port 48V communicates with conduit 48 connected with a suitable air blower systemand the cylinderex- V of its stroke.

l chamber through a suitable nozzle 53-secured in opening 24, the nozzle being housed in recess4 2| and connected by conduit 54 with the usual system for timing delivery of the liquid fuel charges. The recess 2| is enclosed by cover 55 secured by wing nut 58 screwed on a threaded extension 51 of the nozzle.

. When the piston is in the lower portion of its stroke, air will be blown into the main chamber enclosed by head Wall I8, sleeve 42 and piston wall 40 for charging the space and scavenging exhaust gas. The air charge is compressed in the main chamber and in the precombustion Chamber 22 on the upstroke of the pistonn At Section 28 of chamber 28 is con'-y Sleeve port 46 is adapted to reg- 3 a predetermined time in the piston upstroke a liquid fuel charge is injected into the compressed air in the precombustion chamber where combustion starts and spreads into the main chamber. The piston can move close to the head so that .high compression ratio will result and thereby 1. In a compression-ignition engine, a cylinl der, a head fixed on one end of the cylinder and projecting into and spaced from the cylinder, said cylinder having an air inlet port and an exhaust port therethrough adjacent the inner end of the head, a piston in the cylinder, a unitary sleeve integral with the piston projecting into the space between the head and the cylinder, and of su'fflcient length such that a portion thereof remains in the space during all operating conditions, said sleeve having an air intake port and an exhaust outlet port adapted to register with the similar ports in the cylinder at the bottom portion of the piston down stroke, sealing means bev tween the head and the sleeve, and means for feeding liquid fuel into the air compressed be tween the piston-and the inner end of the head.

2. In a compression-ignition engine, a cylinder, a head fixed on one end of the cylinder and pro-1 'jecting into the cylinder in spaced relation therefrom, said cylinder having an air inlet port and an exhaust port extending radially therethrough adjacent the inner end of the head, a piston, a unitary upstanding sleeve integral with the piston projecting into the space between the cylinder and the head, said sleeve bearing against the cylinder and being spaced from the head, rings on the inner end of thehead engaging the piston "sleeve, a precombustion chamber in the head and opening through the inner end of the head, and means for injecting liquid fuel into the chamber.

3. In a compression-ignition engine, a cylinder, a unitary head structure xed to one end of the cylinder and projecting into the cylinder in spaced relation therefrom, said head structure being formed with a precombustion chamber opening through its inner end and with a recess Number Name Date 1,100,166 Williams June 16, 1914 1,120,533 Pottenger Dec. 8, 1914 1,638,288 Burtnett Aug. 9, 1927 1,780,763 Niven Nov. 4, 1930 1,925,285 Smith Sept. 5, 1933 I 2,012,874 Godsell Aug. 27, 1935 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date ($420,198 France 1928 extending axially above the chamber wall, a fuel injection nozzle in the recess for injecting liquid fuel into the precombustion chamber, a piston in the cylinder, and aunitary sleeve integral with the piston extending into the space between the head and the cylinder and of sufficient length to have a portion remain in the space during all operating conditions, said cylinder having inlet and outlet ports therethrough adjacent the inner end of the head and said sleeve having ports adjacent its upper end adapted to register with the cylinder ports when 'the piston is at the lower end of its stroke.

4. In a compression-ignition engine, a cylinder having spaced walls forming a water jacket, a head secured across one end of the cylinder and projecting therein in spaced relation from the cylinder inner wall; said head having inner and outer walls forming a water jacket with top and bottom chambers, baille means separating the upper chamber and the jacket down to the lower chamber into separate' sections, bale means in each section between the inner and outer walls of said head, means connecting one section of the upper chamber with the cylinder water jacket, a water outlet manifold connected with the other section of the upper chamber, a precombustion chamber in the head surrounded by the lower chamber and opening through the inner end of the head, a piston in the cylinder having a sleeve in the space between the head and the inner wall of the cylinder, means for injecting liquid fuel into the precombustion chamber, and port means for admitting air into and exhaust gas from the sleeve portion of the piston.

JOHN E. ROVENSKY.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS 

